Orthopedics and traumatology are branches of medicine that treat disorders related to the skeletal and muscular system such as bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and nerves. While orthopedics deals with diseases and problems related to bones and joints, traumatology treats bone fractures and other injuries that occur as a result of accidents, injuries, or trauma. These two areas often work together, and many orthopedic problems are addressed with both surgical and nonsurgical treatments.